adverbs in japanese

adverb: 

  1. a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (e.g., gentlyquitethenthere ).


http://guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/adverbs


A very important grammatical point is hidden away in point 5 of [MN 44]: turning adjectives into adverbs:

い-adj(~)→(~く)

な-adj(~)→(~に)

notes:

Unlike [adjective + ly] in English where sometimes it isn't grammatically correct to apply the rule (e.g. when Trump says: Big+ly incorrectly) it is always grammatically correct to apply the above rules, but they may not make sense or be natural. 

Nuances/special cases:

1. MN19 [なります] becomes/changes into a state。

eg., 寒くなった (It became cold)

2. MN44 point 3 [します] somebody turns something into a state。

eg., 音を大きくしました (I turned up the volume)

List of adverbs:

  1. いつも – always
  2. よく – often
  3. たいてい – usually
  4. 時々 【ときどき】 – sometimes
  5. たまに – rarely
  6. 全然 【ぜんぜん】 – not at all (when used with negative)
  7. 多分 【たぶん】 – probably, maybe
  8. たくさん – a lot (amount)
  9. 少し 【すこし】 – a little (amount)
  10. かなり ー fairly, considerably, quite
  11. 絶対に【ぜったいに】ー absolutely, unconditionally (used with positive and negative)
  12. 必ず 【かならず】ー always, without exception, necessarily, certainly, without fail, positively, invariably (only used with positive) https://www.arc.ac.jp/Tokyo/en/mimi-bunpou002/
  13. あまり  ー not very, not much (when used with negative)
  14. なかなか ー very; quite; pretty; rather (a little less than とても)
  15. とても ー very, exceedingly.
  16. 若しかしたら 【もしかしたら】ー perhaps, maybe, perchance (this adverb is used with ~かも しれません in most cases)
  17. きっと ー surely
  18. 確かに【たしかに】 ー of course!, surely, certainly ~ (difference to きっと)
  19. やっぱり ー at last!, after all, as expected.
  20. ほとんど ー  mostly  
  21. どんどん - progress little by little (faster than だんだん), fast progress
  22. だんだん ー progress gradually, slow progress
  23. ますます- more progress, an increase or decrease of something
  24. 随分【ずいぶん】ー very, extremely, surprisingly, considerably (interchangeable with とても)
  25. 非常に【ひじょうに】ー very, extremely, exceedingly
  26. 全て【すべて】-all, the whole, entirely, in general, wholly,overall (cf 全部)
  27. ちゃんと - properly
  28. ちっとも-not at all (used with negatives, ちっともかまいません I don't mind at all)




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