Japanese

 The basic was to say "I think ..." is plain form と思います。 MNN21 Examples： 現代の技術（げんだい　の　ぎじゅつ）が凄い　（すごい） とおもいます 　 I think modern technology is great チームが勝つ と思う I think the team will win A: なっとはおいしいですね Natto is tasty isn't it B: …そう は思いません ... I don't think so. 最近の世界の変化 についてどうおもいますか？ (さいきん　せかい　へんか) What do you think about the changes in the world lately？ Notice in all these examples the things that are being thought about don't express the speakers will. When the speaker wants to express what they are thinking of doing, the volitional form of the verb is used.   For example, when you want to say "I think I will go home now." You can't use: X 今かえる と思います 。 Instead you need to use the volitional form：   今かえ ろうと思います 。 MN31 Can also be used when the speaker wants to say what some other person is thinking of doing: かれは自分の会社を作 ろうと思っています 。 He is thinking of starting his own business.  

adverb:  a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (e.g.,  gently ,  quite ,  then ,  there  ). http://guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/adverbs A very important grammatical point is hidden away in point 5 of [MN 44]: turning adjectives into adverbs: い-adj(～ い ）→（～く） な-adj(～ な ）→（～に） notes: Unlike [adjective + ly] in English where sometimes it isn't grammatically correct to apply the rule (e.g. when Trump says: Big+ly incorrectly ) it is always grammatically correct to apply the above rules, but they may not make sense or be natural.  Nuances/special cases： 1. MN19 [なります] becomes/changes into a state。 eg., 寒くなった　(It became cold) 2. MN44 point 3 [します] somebody turns something into a state。 eg., 音を大きくしました (I turned up the volume) List of adverbs: いつも – always よく – often たいてい – usually 時々 【ときどき】 – sometimes たまに – rarely 全然 【ぜんぜん】 – not at all (when us

  On/Off Japanese つきます (i.t)      電気がついています (29)            The light is on つけます (t)        電気をつけた (14)                         I turned on the electricity いれます (t)        電源を入れた (38)                         I turned on the power (only for power switch)   きえます (i.t)      電気がきえています (29)            The light is off けします (t)        電気を消しました (14)               I turned off the electricity きります (t)        電気を切った (38) 　                    I turned off the light   Open/Close https://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/2570557.html http://www.yesjapan.com/YJ6/question/4615/aku_vs_hiraku-_tojiru_vs_shimeru/   あきます (i.t)      ドアが開いてます　                   The door is open ひらきます (i.t) ドアが開きます                            The door is opening (often said on train/in lift) あけます (t)        ドアをあけます                            I open the door   しまります (i.t) ドアが閉まってます　               The door is open しめます (t)        ドアを閉めます                            I close the door とじます (t)        ド

1. When referring to a few things amongst many: a) [ や ～ など ]  机の引き出しの中にペン や 紙 など があります Only use や once. Can only give two examples. など　emphasizes that there are others than given in the examples. MNN10. b) [～ とか ～ とか 」 どな音楽を聞きますか？ 。。。ジャズ とか ファンク とか。 Note とか also comes at end  More casual than や MNN36 c) [N1 と N2 と N3 ... ]　 りんご と みかん と オレンジを買った No と at end. A list of things (two or more). enumerates all possibilities (implies no others). MNN4 2.  When referring to a few actions amongst many: [ たり 、～ たり する] 土曜日ハイキングをし たり 、テレビをみ たりしました Sentence in past tense: means you did (once) at that time. Sentence present tense: means  you do it as a habit. Only use two examples. Regardless of the example verbs always end with the する verb. Verbs are conjugated using the plain past form. MNN19. 3.When giving a few reasons or when describing a few merits of a given subject.  [～ し ]  いろ も きれいだ し このギターをかいました。 Plain form (before し） Implies other examples exist even if only one し is used Can chain a few